"Best Practice in English Language Arts" By: Steven Zemelman, Harvey Daniels, and Arthur Hyde

Purpose of Article:

The article gives recommendations on best practices when teaching reading and writing to students. The article has a list of instructional strategies that will both increase and decrease student achievement in reading and writing.

Strategies That Increase Student Achievement in Reading:

  • Read aloud to students
  • Give students time for independent reading
  • Allow students to chose their own reading materials
  • Expose students to a diverse and rich range of literature
  • Teachers should discuss and model their own reading process
  • The primary instructional emphasis should be on comprehension
  • Teach reading as a process
- Use strategies that activate prior knowledge
- Help students make and test predictions
- Structure help during reading
- Provide after-reading applications
  • Use social, collaborative activities that include a lot of discussion and interaction
  • Group students by interests or book choices
  • Follow silent reading with discussions
  • Teach various skill within the context of whole and meaningful literature
  • Write before and after reading
  • Encourage invented spelling in student’s early writing
  • Use reading in all content fields (literature can apply to Math and Science as it does English or History)
  • Measure the success of a class reading program by the students’ reading habits, attitudes, and comprehension

Strategies That Increase Student Achievement in Writing:

  • Student ownership and responsibility
- Help student chose their own topics and goals for improvement
- Use brief teacher-student conferences
- Teach students to review their own progress
  • Allow class time spent on writing whole, original pieces
- Establish real purposes for writing and student involvement in tasks
- Give instruction in and support for all stages of the writing process
- Prewriting, drafting, revision, and editing
· Model writing for students to demonstrate the process and be a fellow author
· Teach grammar and mechanics in context, during editing, and as items are needed
· Write and publish for the class and/or the wider communities; real world and audiences
· Make a classroom that is supportive for shared learning
- Active exchange and valuing of students’ ideas
- Collaborative small-group work
- Conferences and peer critiquing that makes the students responsible for improvement
· Use writing across the curriculum as a tool for learning
· Use constructive and efficient evaluation that includes:
- Brief informal responses as students work
- Thorough grading of just a few of student-selected, polished pieces
- Focus on a few errors at a time
- Cumulative view of growth and self-evaluation
- Encourage risk taking and honest expression

To read the original article, please follow this link: Best Practice.pdf